Dogs have strong reproductive capacity. Generally, dogs can give birth to 4 to 6 litters per litter, and large dogs can give birth to about 10 litters per litter. They come into estrus, mate and reproduce every spring and autumn. Therefore, we must grasp the estrus season, breed at the right time, and achieve a full breeding.
The heat-growing period for dogs is generally 8 to 12 months. Dogs in my country are small in size and hot in nature, usually 6 to 8 months old. Some large dogs imported from abroad are sexually mature at 10 to 12 months. However, the sexual maturity of dogs is hot, and the time difference between the physical maturity of the dogs is 4 to 6 months. Because after sexual intercourse, some other organs of the body have not yet fully developed. Therefore, it is not advisable to breed immediately after sexual maturity, so as not to affect the dog’s body development and reduce the reproduction rate. Generally, it is more appropriate to breed in the second estrus period.
How to identify a female dog in estrus is a very critical and important technical issue. Dog breeders must master it skillfully to achieve full breeding and high yield. The spring estrus of dogs is from March to May, and the autumn estrus is from September to November. The main signs of a female dog in estrus are excitement, movement, restlessness, loud voice and bright eyes, flushing and swelling of the vulva, bleeding of bloody mucus, loss of food and urination, raised tail and arched back. She actively approaches the male dog and has crawling behavior. Each estrus lasts for 1 to 2 weeks.
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A small number of young female dogs can extend to 3 weeks. At this time, male dogs with pure breeds, large and strong bodies, fast growth, strong disease resistance, and high fecundity should be selected for mating to obtain excellent puppies. Female dogs start to ovulate 2 to 3 days after they are in estrus. At this time, the vulva changes from red to light and colorless, and is willing to accept the male dog to climb on it. This is the best time for breeding. The selected male dog can be mated with it. It is best to breed the dog twice. The interval between the first mating and the second mating is 24 to 48 hours. The mating location should be familiar to the female dog in the pen. The place is good. There should be fewer people watching during mating, the environment should be quiet, and the female dog should not be frightened. Mating should be done naturally or with artificial help. After mating, the male and female dogs should rest for 15 to 20 minutes before leaving. Do not drink water immediately after mating.
2. Canine Pregnancy and childbirth
1. Pregnancy in dogs: 2 to 3 weeks after mating, if a female dog is pregnant, her breasts and buttocks will begin to enlarge, and her appetite will increase. Sometimes she will have a partial eclipse. About 1 month old, the abdomen begins to swell, the breasts sag, the nipples become elastic, and the fetus can be seen on both sides of the abdomen as elastic meat balls as big as eggs, but they must be distinguished from inelastic fecal balls. After the pregnancy is confirmed, the expected delivery date is about 60 days from the date of completion of breeding, with an average of one bowl day.
2. Dog politeness and management
If a female dog is found chewing grass and building a nest, it means that she is about to give birth, and preparations must be made for the female dog to give birth. Use 0.5% to 1% Lysol to clean the whole body of the bitch in the delivery room, and use 0.1% Lysol to disinfect the udder. Make a delivery box and prepare delivery equipment. When a female dog shows obvious signs of labor, special attention should be paid. If the female dog’s body temperature drops by 0.5~1.5℃ before giving birth (normal dog body temperature is 38~39℃), when the body temperature begins to rise, it means that the delivery is approaching: 24~36 hours before delivery, there will be a significant loss of appetite, restlessness, and paws. Pain on the floor, rapid breathing, frequent urination, and sagging of the ischial tuberosity. The vulva is swollen and mucus flows out.
Dogs mostly give birth in the early morning or evening, and the delivery time is 3 to 4 hours, with each fetus taking 10 to 30 minutes. During childbirth, native breed dogs are very good at handling it and do not require special care from people. Toy dogs and exotic breed dogs have poor ability to take care of themselves and need help from people. When a thin fluid (amniotic fluid) flows out of the vagina, the first fetus is born. The born baby is inside the membrane. The female dog will bite it with her teeth, then bite off the umbilical cord and lick up the mucus on the baby. If the fetus is not delivered for several hours after the water breaks, or if the fetus is not delivered for more than 10 minutes after the fetal discharge, it is considered dystocia and requires assisted delivery.
When the female dog does not work hard, first send the fetus back and rotate the position. When the female dog works hard again, gently pull the fetus out. Ligate the umbilical cord 2 cm away from the belly button and then cut it, and apply 5% iodine on the broken end. If the fetus is not breathing after birth, you can lift the fetus’ hind legs upside down to allow the amniotic fluid to drain out and dig out the mucus blocked in the throat. The fetus can resume breathing. If assisted delivery is unsuccessful, ask a veterinarian to perform a caesarean section. .
If severe bleeding occurs after delivery, please seek veterinary treatment. After delivery, keep the delivery room clean and take good care of the puppies to prevent them from being crushed to death. Strangers are not allowed to visit to avoid causing the bitch to eat her cubs. 6 hours after delivery, give the female dog warm water to drink, and within 2 to 3 days, give the female dog easy-to-clear liquid food: map the nipples of the puppies, pay attention to heat preservation, observe the lactation situation, and ensure that the puppies can eat milk.
3. Natural breastfeeding
Natural breastfeeding is when the mother dog directly breastfeeds her puppies under natural environmental conditions, which is the best way to breastfeed. The first is to let the dog eat colostrum as early as possible. The colostrum secreted within 3 to 5 days after delivery has special health-care nutrients. The colostrum is high in protein, lipids and vitamins. It can not only nourish the puppies, but also promote the discharge of meconium. Colostrum has a high breaking point, which can help puppies digest, promote nutrient absorption, and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. Preliminary research also contains a large number of maternal antibodies, which can prevent infectious diseases. Therefore, allowing puppies to eat colostrum as early as possible is the key to improving the survival rate of puppies.
The second is to scientifically determine the time and frequency of puppies breastfeeding. In the first half of the month, she has to breastfeed 5 times a day, and in the second half of the month, she can breastfeed 4 times a day. 20 days later. The puppies should also be supplemented with nutritious, easy-to-digest soft food to speed up the growth of the puppies and lay the foundation for weaning. Generally, weaning can be done in 45 days. Commonly used feeds for supplementary feeding are milk, minced meat, chicken, porridge, and appropriate addition of bone meal and cod liver oil.
The third is to carry out breast separation when necessary. For bitches that are short of milk or have too many puppies and not enough teats, a bitch with a few litters or a lot of milk can be used to breastfeed. The bitch that breastfeeds is called a nanny dog. This method of waiting for milk can eliminate the trouble of artificial breastfeeding, save money and labor, and can also increase the survival rate of good dogs. The method of lactation is: apply the milk or urine of the nanny dog to the lactation pup, so that the nanny dog cannot smell the peculiar smell of the place. To make it easier for the nursing dog to read, the nanny dog should wear a mouth cage during the first few feedings to prevent the nursing dog from biting the nursing dog.
Sigong breastfeeding and weaning
If the female dog dies after giving birth or a nanny dog cannot be found, artificial breastfeeding can be used. The method is to feed milk with a baby bottle, and add some milk powder to the milk to reach the concentration of dog milk. Within 10 days, feed 100 to 150 ml per day: 10 to 20 days, feed 150 to 300 ml per day. After 20 days, feed milk while training the puppies to eat feed: After 45 days, that is, when weaning, the puppies should not imitate the mother dogs and stimulate the puppies to ovulate. manure. The method is to rub the puppy’s anus or abdomen with soft paper once a day after eating.
In addition, attention should be paid to heat preservation, maintaining 30~32℃ in the first week, then dropping by 3℃ every week, and dropping to around 20℃ after 4 weeks. Weaning is a major turning point in a puppy’s life. Weaning time is after 45 days of life. There are two methods of weaning: one is the batch weaning method. When the puppies grow to 40 days old, the larger puppies will be weaned away from the mother as appropriate, and the remaining smaller puppies will be left to continue to feed on milk for a few days (the maximum time should not exceed one week). The second is the batch weaning method, also known as one-time weaning. After the puppies have been nursing for 38 days, the feeding interval should be extended and the number of feedings should be reduced. From 38 to 40 days, feed 3 times a day, from 41 to 43 days, feed only 2 times a day, from 44 to 45 days, feed once a day, and stop feeding after 46 days.
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